[核心存股] 蓋伊‧斯皮爾 Guy Spier-先假自己是非理性的

◇ 先假自己是非理性的




 I feel that the way people want to talk about their investing process is they want to put themselves into the shoes or into the minds or describe themselves as being like a fighter pilot, highly trained has all the instruments right there, has this finely tuned machine and he selects the target, he flies towards it and he drops a precision bomb on the target.

  我認為人們想要談論他們的投資過程的方式是他們想要設身處地的思考,或者將自己描述為一名戰鬥機駕駛,訓練有素,擁有所有儀器,擁有精心調教的機器使他們能選擇目標、飛向目標,並投下一枚精準的子彈。


 That is our idealized and subconscious idea of how an investor goes about selecting stocks and managing the portfolio.

  這是我們淺意識中對投資者如何選擇股票和管理投資組合的理想化概念。


 I want to give you a different idea, I think that a better model is of a drunk, stumbling around a bar trying to find the drink and he’s trying to grab a drink, not a handle and he’s sort of stumbling around and he says the mind is all confused.

  我想給你一個不同的看法,我認為更好的心理模型是想像成一個醉漢,在酒吧裡跌跌撞撞試圖找到他的酒、試圖抓住他的酒,而不是可以扶握的地方,他有點跌跌撞撞,他說他頭腦一片混亂。


 Why do I say that?

  為什麼我這樣說?


 Because we have a very bad model of how our brains actually work and the reality is that our brains are not highly rational.

  因為我們大腦實際運作方式是個糟糕的模型,現實來說,我們的大腦並不是高度理性的。


 The worst is you think when you’re smart because you’ve had what do I mean by smart I mean smart grades at things like mathematics and other subjects which require you to be highly focused so that develops the subjective sense that you are like a fighter pilot. So you start believing through superior intelligence and analytical ability that you can sort of hit the target.

  最糟糕的是,當你認為你很聰明時,我這邊說的聰明是指你在數學或其他科目上取得了優異的成績,這些科目需要你高度的專注力,從而發展出你像一位戰鬥機飛行員般的主觀意識。於是你開始相信透過妳卓越的智力和分析能力,你就可以達到目標。


 I think a better self-image is of being a drunk.

  我認為更好的自我想像是成為一個醉漢。


 If you perceive yourself as being a drunk in a bar you’re gonna set up different rules for yourself.

  如果你認為你自己在酒吧喝醉了,你就會為自己訂定不同的規則。


 So I believe that the vast majority of that I think you would call process and what I’m doing is I’m trying to set up an environment in that bar such that when I finally launch for the drink or call the drinks in this analogy. The investment I’ve launched for a good one.

  所以我相信你稱為的流程大多數都是這樣的。而我正在做的事是,我在嘗試在那個酒吧中建立一個環境,這樣我在這個比喻中最終開始喝酒或者叫酒時,我發起的投資就是為了一個好的投資。


 That process starts with just not doing anything to the portfolio, not engaging in trading fees, and allowing stocks to live in the portfolio for an extraordinarily long time.

  這個過程首先是不對投資組合做任何事,減少交易費用,並允許股票在投資組合中存在非常長的時間。


 Select stocks that you can allow in the portfolio for an extraordinarily long time without looking at them too hard.

  選擇那些你可以在投資組合中長期持有的股票,而不必太仔細的觀察他們。


 The process is all assuming, I am assuming that at some point I will be irrational or that I’m continuously irrational.

  這個過程都是在假設,我假設我在某個時刻我會變得非理性,或者我一直都是非理性的。


◆ 策略的起點是在給自己一個自我防呆機制


  Guy Spier 在策略的概念上,相對於平常投資者的「精準投資」,更偏向先假定自己的隨時都有可能失效或者是有瑕疵的。


  藉此可以趨利避害,在知道哪些狀況公司營運狀況會使自己的投資有不好的結果,那就在自己「醉了」之前就先將這些公司透過篩選排除,當成現在自己失去判斷能力,失去理性思考能力時,隨手能抓到的只有好的或自己想要的條件。


  如同明知自己出門小聚要喝酒,離開家時透過搭乘其他交通工具,不帶鑰匙就不會有因為失去理智失去判斷能力而最後犯下酒駕的無恥罪刑,因此傷人或殺了人根本上不該因為「失去判斷能力」而有所減少罪責的甚至該加重罪責的無恥罪刑。


  這是一種自我防呆機制,生活上是如此,投資股票上也是如此。知道這家公司的債務問題相對嚴重,那麼就在篩選時事先避開。知道這家公司他的營收並沒有長期穩定或長期成長,在篩選時就事先避開。知道這家公司不配現金股息可能不是我們創造被動金流想要的,那就在篩選時先避開。


  最後的最後,不管我們在什麼樣的狀況,爛醉因為沒有車鑰匙而無法酒駕;情感戰勝理智時股票池裡能挑選的只有某些我們事先在理智時篩出的標的。先假設自己會有非理智的時候,劃一個無法突破的圓,在裡面橫衝直撞也會安全的圓。



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