◇ The Past Perfect
過去完成式
過去完成式 (Past Perfect) 表示過去某一時間或某一動作之前已經完成的動作或經驗。也就是在過去某個時間點前，就已經結束的事件。結構是由過去是助動詞 had 搭配「過去分詞」構成。
Example：
1. I had never drunk alcohol before I went to college.
上大學之前，我從來沒有喝過酒。
2. Delphine had published her first poem by the time she was eight.
Delphine 在她八歲之前就已經出版了她的第一首詩。
3. The plane had already taken off when I arrived at the airport.
當我到達機場時，這架飛機已經起飛了。