◇ Participle Clauses
分詞構句
「分詞構句」讓我們以較有效率的方式傳達資訊，以「現在分詞」（going, reading, seeing, walking...）、「過去分詞」（gone, read, seen, walked...）或「完成式分詞」（having gone, having read, having seen, having walked...）形成，當分詞跟主要子句的動詞的主詞相同時，我們就可以使用分詞構句。 Barely supporting his mother and disabled brother as a herder and account keeper at a granary, and with other odd jobs, it was only with the help of a wealthy friend that Confucius was able to study at the Royal Archives. 這句話中，Barely 是副詞，後面接著 support 的現在分詞，兩個子句的主詞都是Confucius，但這個主詞只在後面的子句被寫出來。
Example：
1. Knowing she loved reading, Mike bought her a book.
麥克知道她很愛看書，所以買了一本送給她。
2. Starting in the new year, the new policy bans car in the city center.
新的策會在新年實施，禁止汽車進入市中心。
3. Having finished their training, they are now fully qualified doctors.
完成訓練後，他們就完成符合擔任醫生的資格了。