◇ Participle Clause
分詞構句
分詞構句的目的是精簡句子，被精簡的前提是兩個子句「主詞一致」。例如：It is this spectacle that has recently seen more and more tourists flock to Train Street, who are hoping to capture that perfect Instagram pose while walking the lines or witness the madness of a speeding train rushing just inches from the buildings. 由於 hoping to capture that perfect Instagram pose 是修飾前面的 tourists，所以這邊可以省略關係代名詞和 be 動詞 who are、以逗號隔開，再將動詞改為分詞，所以才會變成：It is this spectacle that has recently seen more and more tourists flock to Train Street, hoping to capture that perfect Instagram pose while walking the lines or witness the madness of a speeding train rushing just inches from the buildings.
Example：
1. It seems there's a social revolution breakdown, transferring power from the ruling elite to the new social groups.
似乎會有一場社會革命爆發，這革命將全從領導精英轉為新的社會組織。
2. The innocent child couldn't sleep on Christmas Eve, hoping to catch a glimpse of Santa.
天真的孩子在平安夜無法入睡，希望能見到聖誕老人。
3. The professor praised his writing, calling him a literary genius of his generation.
教授讚揚他的作品，稱他是這個世代的文學天才。